States and Themes#

Script 03states_themes.py#

"""
Ttk Theme Selector and State.

Although it is a theme selector, you won't notice many changes since
there are only radiobuttons, a frame around and the selected widget.

The state selector only applies to the selected widget.

"""
from tkinter import StringVar, Tk
from tkinter.ttk import Frame, Style, Button, Radiobutton, Label

class App:
    def __init__(self,root):
        self.fr = Frame(root)
        self.fr.pack(fill='both', expand=1)
        ## uncomment following 5 lines if using ttkthemes
        '''
        try:  
            import ttkthemes as ts 
            self.style = ts.themed_style.ThemedStyle()
        except (NameError, AttributeError):
            self.style = Style()
        '''
        self.style = Style() ## comment out if using ttkthemes
        self._setup_widgets()

    def _change_theme(self):
        newtheme = self.theme_val.get()
        self.style.theme_use(newtheme)

    def _change_state(self):
        oldstate = self.but.state()
        if len(oldstate) > 0:
            # convert tuple to string 
            oldst = " ".join(str(x) for x in oldstate) 
            self.but.state(['!'+oldst])
        newstate = self.state_val.get()
        self.but.state([newstate])

    def _setup_widgets(self):
        l = Label(self.fr, text="Dont't forget click and hover, \n \
or see more by using the radio buttons")
        l.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=3,padx=5,pady=2, sticky='n')
        themes = sorted(list(self.style.theme_names()))
        # Create rasio buttons which will display themes
        self.theme_val = StringVar()
        for ix, val in enumerate(themes):
            themes_rb = Radiobutton(self.fr, value=val, text=val,
                 variable=self.theme_val, command=self._change_theme)
            themes_rb.grid(column=0,row=ix+1,padx=5,pady=2, sticky='nw')

        states = ['active', 'alternate', 'background', 'disabled',
                      'focus', 'invalid', 'pressed', 'readonly', 'selected']
        # Create rasio buttons which will display widget states
        self.state_val = StringVar()
        for iy, state in enumerate(states):
            st_rb = Radiobutton(self.fr, value=state, text=state,
                   variable=self.state_val, command=self._change_state)
            st_rb.grid(column=1,row=iy+1,padx=5,pady=5, sticky='nw')

        # selected widget, if using scrollbar place in own frame
        self.but = Button(self.fr, text='Button State')
        self.but.grid(column=3,row=ix+2,padx=5,pady=5)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    Root = Tk()
    Root.title("Ttk Theme and State Selector")
    app = App(Root)
    Root.mainloop()

there is no problem changing themes, however when changing states we need to cancel the previous state by applying the opposite state (you remember the state prefixed with an exclamion mark), we also have to ensure that we are dealing with a string rather than a tuple, further we must ensure that the tuple is not empty. In our example we are changing the state of a button, you can modify this or add another widget as required.

As we have already seen states are not only used singly, they may be used in combination, particularly in dynamic situations. The common themes do not always use the same states for any particular widget, if we are building custom widgets keep this in mind, as ever test using different themes. Check out the table 03mapped_states.csv to see the states that the themes use with which widget.

Show/Hide Table 03mapped_states.csv

03mapped_states.csv#
Widget	Class Name	mapped states alt	mapped states clam	mapped states classic	mapped states default
Common	.	disabled, active	disabled, active, focus	disabled, active, focus disabled, active
Button	TButton	{pressed !disabled}, {active !disabled}, alternate	disabled, pressed, active, alternate {!disabled pressed}	{!disabled pressed}
Checkbutton	TCheckbutton	disabled, pressed	disabled, pressed	pressed, selected	pressed, selected
Combobox	TCombobox	readonly, disabled	active, pressed, {readonly focus}	readonly, disabled	readonly, disabled
Entry	TEntry	readonly, disabled	readonly, focus	readonly, disabled	readonly, disabled
Notebook	TNotebook.Tab	selected	selected	selected	selected
Radiobutton	TRadiobutton	disabled, pressed	disabled, pressed	pressed, selected	pressed, selected
Scale	TScale				{pressed !disabled}
Scrollbar	TScrollbar			{pressed !disabled}	disabled
Spinbox	TSpinbox	readonly, disabled	readonly, disabled	readonly, disabled	readonly, disabled
Treeview	Treeview	selected	selected	selected	selected

States and Themes#

Script 03states_themes.py#

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